The main concepts of business

САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКИЙ  ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ  СЕРВИСА  И ЭКОНОМИКИ

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА

Дисциплина: «Деловой английский язык»

Санкт-Петербург

2014

                                       Контрольная работа № 1

• Examine the following words. Take them into consideration, reading the text below.
• Abroad – за рубежом
• Bulk – крупная партия
• To buy in bulk, to buy in wholesale – покупать оптом
• Business – бизнес, предприятие
• To cater - обслуживать
• Company – компания
• To compete – конкурировать
• Competitor – конкурент
• Competition – конкуренция
• Competitive – конкурентно-способный
• Customer – клиент
• Firm – фирма
• Demand – спрос
• To expand – расширяться
• Expansion – расширение, расширять деятельность
• To export – экспорт
• Export – экспорт
• Exports – экспорт (вывозимые товары)
• Exporter – экспортер
• Export company – компания экспортер
• Export (exporting) business – экспортный бизнес, экспортирование
• Goods – товары
• To go into business – начать, открывать бизнес
• To import – импортировать
• Import – импорт
• Imports – ввозимые товары
• Importer – импортер
• Importation – ввоз товаров
• Local – местный
• Manufacturer – производитель
• Manufacturing company – компания-производитель
• Market – рынок
• Price – цена
• To produce – производить
• Production – производство
• Products – продукция, изделия
• Quantity – количество
• Retail – розничная продажа, розничный, продавать в розницу
• Retailer – розничное торговое предприятие, розничный торговец
• Rival – соперник
• To sell – продавать
• To sell retail – продавать в розницу
• Wholesale – оптовый
• Wholesaler – оптовое торговое предприятие, оптовый торговец
• Read and translate the text:
• THE MAIN CONCEPTS OF BUSINESS
•        A company is also called a firm or a business. While it is producing goods or trading, it is said to be in business. A firm which is just starting up is going into business and a company which stops operating goes out of business. If a company gets bigger, it expands. The expansion of a firm means it can produce more goods or sell more of its products. A manufacturer (or manufacturing company) produces goods. The goods it makes are its products. When a manufacturing company expands, it usually increases production. If one year it produces 110 tones, it has increased production by 10%.
•       A company which sells goods in large quantities (in bulk) is called a wholesale distributer (or wholesaler). A company or person buying goods in bulk (or wholesale) and selling them in small quantities is a retailer. Most local shops are retailers and sell goods retail.
•       Two or more companies which sell or manufacture the same products are competitors (or rivals).  They are in competition and compete for customers. In order to sell more goods than its rivals, a company must be competitive. It is important to keep ahead of the competition by selling at competitive prices. If a company has an advantage over its competitors (for example a cheaper or better products) it gives them an edge on the market.
•       An area where there is a demand for certain goods is called a market. A company which markets (sells) goods locally caters for the local market. Goods sold in the same country as they are produced are sold on the domestic (or home). A company which starts selling goods overseas is said to go into exporting (or to go into the exporting business). An importer buys goods abroad and imports them into his own country. The goods are then called imports and the process of importing is called importation.
• Основные понятия бизнеса.
•                 Компанию так же называют фирмой или бизнесом. Когда она производит товары и торгует, говорят что она в бизнесе. Фирма, которая только начинает входить в бизнес  и компания, которая  прекращает работу, выходит из бизнеса. Если компания становиться больше, она расширяется. Расширение фирмы означает, что она может производить  и продавать больше своих  товаров. Производитель (или производственная компания)  производит товары. Товары производственные  и являются ее продуктами. Когда производственная компания  расширяется, она обычно  увеличивает производство. Если за один год она производит 110 тонн, она увеличивает производительность на 10 %.
•          Компания, которая продает товары в больших количествах, называется оптовым продавцом (оптовик). Компания или человек, покупающий товары оптом и продающих их в маленьких количествах, называют  продавцом в розницу. Большинство магазинов  являются продавцами в розницу. 
•           Две или больше компании, которые продают один и тот же товар  называют конкурентами (соперники). Они находятся в конкуренции  и конкурируют для клиента. Для того чтобы продавать  больше товара, чем соперник, компания должна быть конкурентно-способной. Важно занимать лидирующее место, продавая по конкурентным ценам.
•               Если у компании имеется превосходство над своими конкурентами (например, продает дешевле  или лучшие товары), это дает ей преимущество на рынке. Территория, где имеется спрос на определенный  товар, называется рынком. Товары, которые они продают там, где они производятся или продаются,  называют внутренним рынком (или дома). Компания, которая начинает  продавать  свои товары за рубежом, называют экспортером. Импортер – это кто покупает товар за рубежом  и ввозит их в страну. Товар в таком случае называют импортным, и процесс называют (ввоз товара)  импортом.
• Answer the questions:
• 1. Does the term «company» have the same meaning as the words «firm» and «business»?
•       Yes, it does.
• 2. what do they say about the company if it is producing goods or trading?
•       They say «to be in business».
• 3. what does it mean to go into business?
•       It means to start up working.
• 4. explain the expression « to go out of business»?
•      It means, to stop operating.
• 5. what does a company do if it gets bigger?
•     It expands.
• 6. what does the expansion of a firm mean?
•    It means that it can produce more goods or sell more products.
• 7. what company produces goods?
•     A manufacturing company.
• 8. what units of measurement define the expansion of a manufacturing company?
•     %  percent.
• 9. what company is called a wholesaler?
•     A company which sells goods in large quantities.
• 10. who can sell goods retail?
•      A retailer.
• 11. what companies may be called competitors?
•      Two or more companies which sell or manufacture the same products (rivals).
• 12. Why must a company be competitive?
•      In order to sell more goods than its rivals.
• 13. What kind of advantages may a company have over its competitors?
•    Sell at competitive prices.
• 14. What is a market?
•      It is an area where there is a demand for certain goods.
• 15. What is the difference between the domestic and exporting? What does an importer do?
•      The domestic market sells goods produced in the same country. exporting is selling goods overseas. 
•      Import means to buy goods from another countries.
• Choose the right tense forms of the verbs to restore the following text:
•             The bank of  England (is) britain’s central bank. It (was founded) in 1694. It (was owned) privately until it (had been nationalized) in 1946. The governor, deputy governor, and 16 directors (formed) the board of directors. They (re appointed ) by the queen on the recommendation of the prime minister. The bank of  England (had been charged) with the control of  the banking system in the interests of the nation. The bank (does not lend) money to the government. The government (borrows) the sums required by issuing treasury bills. The style of work of the bank is much (admired) by the world.
• Supply prepositions where it is necessary:
• (With) years this field of financial management underwent a number of significant changes.
• Financial capital includes the liquid assets of a company as opposed (on) physical assets.
• The most usual classes of share (into) which the capital of a company can be divided are preference, ordinary and deferred shares.
• Preference shares have a fixed rate (of) dividend.
• The holders of the shares cannot vote (for) the general meeting of the company.
• The composition (of) a company’s capital is called capital structure.
• 6  Restore the English text choosing the right word:
•      Over the past two decades (financial) problems have (exacerbated) the world over. Public (debts) have reached (unsustainable) level in growing number of industrial countries. This development and its results-higher (interest) rates, lower investment, and slower (growth) in living standards – have stimulated efforts by policymakers to find solution to (swollen) budget deficit. Central to these solutions is (fiscal) policy adopted by a government for raising (revenue) to meet (expenditure).
• My future profession
•        
• The specialty “management” allows you to get one of the most interesting jobs “Manager-economist”. The manager-economist is an expert of a diversified economic and legal training.
• General characteristics of the profession;
• Manager-economist  deals with the economic analysis and planning ways to achieve specific economic results of enterprises, keeps records of incoming funds, commodity-material values. Manager-economist  works in planning, financial and statistical agencies , enterprises, institutions and organizations and solves problems associated with planning, organization and analysis of the economic activity of enterprises institutions, organization of workers in the workplace. Manager-economist checks registration statements for certain types of accounting, feasibility work on the planning, logistics, marketing, material and labour costs.
• Manager-economist must have a high sense of responsibility, integrity, diligence, painstaking, logical thinking, initiative, high level of concentration, good memory, emotional stability. The work is not recommended for people with seseases of the nervous system, abnormalities in the psyche(excessive suspiciousness, anxiety), vascular dystonia with marked headache(hypertension, migraine)