Голыцин Борис Борисович

                   Boris Borisovich Golitsyn

          The founder of seismology - science about movements in crust - Boris Borisovich Golitsyn was born in Petersburg on March 2, 1862. The family to which it belonged, was one of the most numerous and most well-born aristocratic surnames of pre-revolutionary Russia. 14 years old B. B. Golitsyn arrived the cadet in Sea military school which ended the first on sciences in 1880 with an officer rank of the naval cadet, and his name was brought by gold letters on a marble board in the building of the Sea case. The same year it was sent to foreign swimming by a frigate "the Duke Edinburgh". This swimming made mainly across the Mediterranean Sea, was extremely useful and instructive. At visit of the Italian and Greek ports B. B. Golitsyn made excursions in depth of these countries and got acquainted with their art treasures and antique, relics. During parking in the port of Jaffa it made travel across Palestine, with visit of Jerusalem, Bethlehem, coast of Jordan and the Dead Sea.                                                                                                               In the fall of 1884 B. B. Golitsyn arrives in Sea academy on hydrographic office. B. B. Golitsyn graduated from academy in 1886 one of the two first, having received on 12 points in all subjects. His name was brought by gold letters on a marble board in Sea academy. In the spring of 1890 B. B. Golitsyn graduated from the Strasbourg university. After representation to faculty of the doctoral dissertation on the subject "About Dalton's Law" and on delivery of doctor's examination it was awarded the highest degree of the doctor's diploma - summa cum laude. The same year B. B. Golitsyn's doctoral dissertation was printed with the separate edition. Except this work, it published two more independent works during the stay in Strasbourg:" About influence of curvature of a surface of liquid on elasticity of saturated steam "and" about the radius of action of molecular forces". Having graduated from the Strasbourg university, B. B. Golitsyn returned to Russia. In the spring of 1893 B. B. Golitsyn presented to physical and mathematical faculty of the Moscow university as the thesis on competition of a scientific degree of the master of physics the work: "Researches on mathematical physics", published by it in "Scientific notes of the Moscow university".

In the fall of 1893 him invite to occupy physics chair at Yuryevsky university and soon after that, the same year, it was elected by Academy of Sciences in graduateds in a military academy on chair of physics and moved to Petersburg. In 1900 in Academy of Sciences the Constant seismic commission for systematic tool supervision as over relatives, so, in particular, over remote earthquakes was founded. The matter is that at the beginning of 1889 surveyor Reber-Pashnits established horizontal pendulums that on movement their zero line to watch periodic fluctuations of the steep line under the influence of a lunisolar attraction in a cellar of the Potsdam observatory. On April 18, 1889 on a smooth curve which was reproduced by a pendulum, there were the strong fluctuations lasting for one and a half-two hours. Soon the telegraph brought news that in some minutes prior to these fluctuations there was a destructive earthquake in Japan, at distance about 9000 kilometers from Potsdam. It was natural to state a hypothesis that the specified fluctuations were caused by the passable elastic waves arisen in crust under the influence of an earthquake and extending through inside firm layers of the earth. This hypothesis was confirmed on a row of the subsequent remote and enough strong earthquakes, and thus basic opportunity to register earthquakes from very long distances was established. B. B. Golitsyn took the most live part in works of the Seismic commission, expecting broad development and great practical value of arising new science - seismology.

    In 1902 Golitsyn found the solution of the major problem of practical seismology: seismic center definition according to one seismic station. Golitsyn showed that ways of development of seismology lie in area physical researches without which seismology as the science can't exist. He the first developed a complete theory and a design of electrodynamic seismographs and entered them into practice. Its seismographs were accepted for the equipment of all Russians and the majority, foreign seismic stations. Except seismographs, Golitsyn created many other original devices in this area.

      1906 in a cellar of Pulkovsky observatory the temporary seismic station comparative studying of various seismic devices and methods of supervision was which main appointment was open for B. B. Golitsyn. During the first 40 days 14 earthquakes were registered, and undoubtedly huge advantages of the new seismographs offered B. B. Golitsyn with magnetic attenuation and galvanometrichesky registration became clear. Giving the most part of the forces to development of various questions of seismometry and seismology, B. B. Golitsyn till 1909 didn't stop the works and in the field of experimental physics, working, mainly, in the field of spectroscopy. Here it should be noted its work on the experimental proof of the principle of Doppler and research of a step spectroscope of Michelson. Not less B. B. Golitsyn's researches on theoretical seismology have importance.

Here questions of speed of distribution of superficial seismic waves, coefficient of absorption of seismic energy, the nature and probable causes of microseismic fluctuations, polarization of cross waves of the second phase of an earthquake, depth of a seismic center, dispersion and attenuation of superficial seismic waves belong. Especially B. B. Golitsyn's work about an angle of emergence of seismic radiation and about the speed of distribution of seismic waves at various depths has importance. B. B. Golitsyn's works laid down in a basis of creation of an extensive network of seismic stations of the Soviet Union, high on the list in a world seismic network. In 1913 B. B. Golitsyn was appointed the director Main physical (further geophysical) observatories and in three years of the stay on this post absolutely changed this establishment, having told him a powerful impulse to creative scientific work. Along with the subjects B. B. Golitsyn found considerable time and professorial activity, occupying consistently physics chairs on the High female courses, at Female medical institute and in Sea academy. B. B. Golitsyn's over 130 original scientific works it was published in various scientific magazines and editions. B. B. Golitsyn was elected the member of many foreign societies and academies. B. B. Golitsyn was elected in 1911 the president of the International seismological association. When world war of 1914-1918 began, according to B. B. Golitsyn's proposal Military and meteorological management at the head of which he and was put was created. The main task of management was to serve army parts weather forecasts that was of particular importance when Germans began gas war. These years wars B. B. Golitsyn directed all the efforts to service to the homeland and in back-breaking continuous toil so undermined the health that the slight cold sent it to the grave. He died on May 17, 1916. But till last days while he yet didn't faint, B. B. Golitsyn continued to be interested and direct management affairs, causing to itself on the house of employees.

      Such is there was Boris Borisovich Golitsyn - the founder of new science - seismology, the hot patriot, the person of indestructible will and the unrestrained energy, presented with high qualities of sincere nobility.