Plywood advantages and disadvantages

Автор работы: Пользователь скрыл имя, 06 Января 2014 в 22:52, доклад

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Building material is a material which is used to build constructions. Many naturally occurring substances, such as clay, rocks, sand, and wood, even twigs and leaves, have been used to construct buildings. A part from naturally occurring materials, many man-made products are in use, some more and some less synthetic. The manufacture of building materials is an established industry in many countries. Here we can see some materials, which will characterize the houses.

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Building material is a material which is used to build constructions. Many naturally occurring substances, such as clay, rocks, sand, and wood, even twigs and leaves, have been used to construct buildings. A part from naturally occurring materials, many man-made products are in use, some more and some less synthetic. The manufacture of building materials is an established industry in many countries. Here we can see some materials, which will characterize the houses.

Stone and stucco are great exteriors for homes. They are strong and low maintenance. Stucco, which has been used on homes throughout much of human history, is a mixture of sand and water. Stone is a naturally beautiful and strong material that can be used as accents for the exterior and interior of a home. A popular choice for fireplace work, pathways, patios, and driveways, stone, like stucco, can help creative a decorative style that is reminiscent of the medieval era. Of course, wood is a typical building material for home construction, Its use as a focal point makes it a good choice for recreating the medieval style. Heavy beams can be used for a technique called half-timbering. With this technique, the beams are left exposed, and stucco is used as the surface in between the beams. This style can be used for the exterior and interior designs. It creates a dramatic aesthetic and reflects the character of architectural design in the middle Ages. Wood floors and wood furniture with medieval-type carvings and motifs are also a way to employ wood in this type of home design. Stained glass was used in medieval churches and was not typical in most manor houses of the era. However, a touch of stained glass in a modern home offers both a beautiful, artistic focal point and reflects the character and style of the middle ages. In the modern home, stained glass can be used in windows or as hanging artwork.

More recently, human civilization has devised more advanced composite building materials like concrete and cement. Concrete is generally made of sand or gravel mixed with cement and water. When the mixture dries, it becomes hard like stone. While the mixture is still moist it can easily be poured into moulds and formed into different shapes. Because concrete is not very flexible, it is often reinforced with steel or other metal. New technology has also made building with metal more practical than in previous human history. Most high rise buildings and skyscrapers are built with steel or other metal frames. While steel traditionally was the favored metal for such construction, new alloys are now sometimes preferred as they are less susceptible to corrosion. 
Plastics are another widely used modern building material. Formed of polymers, plastics are easily molded while in the liquid state. Compared to metal and many other materials, plastic is very light in weight and relatively low in cost. Plastic is often used to make pipes and to decorate the interior of buildings. Many modern buildings use glass, not only for windows, but often as the primary exterior building material. Glass skyscrapers and other structures have become quite popular due to their aesthetic appeal. Glass buildings require a frame to hold sections of glass, because the material is not sturdy enough by itself. One of the advantages of glass is that it can allow individuals to see what is happening in other rooms. Transparent glass also allows outside light to shine into the building. 
 
Technology continues to create new building materials with exceptional properties. For example, Sea-creation is a construction material made from minerals found in seawater. Composite materials are made by combining different types of building materials together. Most modern aircraft are built of advanced composite materials. These materials combine organic and inorganic components. One material acts as a type of “adhesive” that binds the other components together. The “hard” components are usually glass, carbon or boron fiber. Composites are known for combining light weight with strength and durability. Cement composites bind together wood or similar materials like paper, fiberglass and natural fibers in a cement paste. These composites can be placed into molds to create pre-shaped building components.

As we can see from the stories of the various technologies, the development and diffusion of a technology depends not only on its invention but also on the social and cultural climate in which it was invented. In past houses were built with high quality and in long time. They were built 
so, that they can stand for a long time. Today everybody is trying to build constructions very quickly and cheaper. But in our days we can see more beautiful houses with very amazing architecture.

Clay

a type of heavy wet soil that becomes hard when it is baked in a kiln, used for making cups, plates, and other objects

Глина

Twigs

a very small thin branch from a tree or bush

Сучки

Stucco

a substance used for covering walls, usually on the outside of a building, to give them a rough surface

Штукатурка

Beam

a long thick piece of wood, metal, or concrete that supports a roof

Брус

Carving

an object, pattern, or piece of writing made by cutting stone or wood

Резьба по дереву

Motif

a shape or pattern that is repeated in a design or decoration

Кружевное украшение

Mould

green, blue, or white bacteria that grow on food that is not kept fresh or on other things that are not kept clean and dry

Плесень

Corrosion

damage caused to metal or stone when it is corroded

Коррозия

Wide

measuring a large distance from one side to the other

Широкий

Transparent

object or substance is clear or thin enough for you to see things through

Прозрачный

Aircraft

a plane, helicopter, or other vehicle that flies

Самолеты

Adhesive

a substance used for making things stick together

Клей

Carbon

a chemical element that is found in all living things, and can also exist as diamonds or coal

Углерод

Boron

a chemical element that combines with other elements. It is used in nuclear reactors, for making glass, and for making steel hard.

Бор



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